Kentuckian Hobbits

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Parmamaite
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Kentuckian Hobbits

Post by Parmamaite »

This is a comment to the "New theory about Tom Bombadil"-thread by BrianIsSmilingatYou, I'm starting a new thread because it doesn't have any bearing on the main point of that thread, and I don't want to high-jack it.

In that thread Brian quote from http://www.etymonline.com/columns/tolkien.htm
"The closest I have ever gotten to the secret and inner Tolkien," Davenport writes, "was in a casual conversation on a snowy day in Shelbyville, Kentucky. I forget how in the world we came to talk of Tolkien at all, but I began plying questions as soon as I knew that I was talking to a man who had been at Oxford as a classmate of Ronald Tolkien's. He was a history teacher, Allen Barnett. He had never read The Hobbit or The Lord of the Rings. Indeed, he was astonished and pleased to know that his friend of so many years ago had made a name for himself as a writer.

" 'Imagine that! You know, he used to have the most extraordinary interest in the people here in Kentucky. He could never get enough of my tales of Kentucky folk. He used to make me repeat family names like Barefoot and Boffin and Baggins and good country names like that.'

"And out the window I could see tobacco barns. The charming anachronism of the hobbits' pipes suddenly made sense in a new way. The Shire and its settled manners and shy hobbits have many antecedents in folklore and in reality .... Kentucky, it seems, contributed its share.

"Practically all the names of Tolkien's hobbits are listed in my Lexington phone book, and those that aren't can be found over in Shelbyville. Like as not, they grow and cure pipe-weed for a living. Talk with them, and their turns of phrase are pure hobbit: 'I hear tell,' 'right agin,' 'so Mr. Frodo is his first and second cousin, once removed either way,' 'this very month as is.' These are English locutions, of course, but ones that are heard oftener now in Kentucky than in England.

"I despaired of trying to tell Barnett what his talk of Kentucky folk became in Tolkien's imagination. I urged him to read The Lord of the Rings but as our paths have never crossed again, I don't know that he did. Nor if he knew that he created by an Oxford fire and in walks along the Cherwell and Isis the Bagginses, Boffins, Tooks, Brandybucks, Grubbs, Burrowses, Goodbodies, and Proudfoots (or Proudfeet, as a branch of the family will have it) who were, we are told, the special study of Gandalf the Grey, the only wizard who was interested in their bashful and countrified ways."
A year ago I was at a Tolkien Seminar in Birmingham, and I remember one of the precenters used half an hour to refute the above statements, and he did so in a very convincing way. Here's what it says in the programme:
Hobbit Names Aren't From Kentucky - David Bratman
In this paper I trace the origin of the claim that hobbit surnames came from Tolkien hearing a friend's tales of Kentucky country folk; regardless of the truth of this, I ask whether hobbit surnames are either distinctive to or characteristic of Kentucky, and as the title suggest answer this question with a firm no. I also discuss possible local echoes of parts of England in hobbit surnames, and their significance.
Now I'm confused, is Davenport's story authentic? I'm inclined to believe Bratman over Davenport as Tolkien is so very english and doesn't seem to be much interested in America or Americans.

What does y'all think? who's right Davenport or Bratman?
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Maria
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Post by Maria »

If there were families of those names there, they don't seem to be there anymore.

Shelbyville, KY phone listings:

Baggins- none found
Boffin- none found
Barefoot- none found
Proudfoot- none found
Brandybuck-none found
Took- none found
Gamgee-none found
Cotton- 11 results
Bolger- none found
Maggot- none found
Sackville-none found
Sandyman- none found
Grubbs-none found
Chubbs- none found
Burrows-1 found
Bracegirdle- none found
Brockhouse- none found
Goodbody-none found
Hornblower- none found
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Voronwë the Faithful
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Post by Voronwë the Faithful »

I doubted Davenport's claim the moment that I saw it
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MithLuin
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Post by MithLuin »

Aw, man...and there goes my excuse for having the hobbits sing a Bluegrass song in my first fanfic. ;)

Off to hunt down a Lexington phone book
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Post by Frelga »

Maria wrote:If there were families of those names there, they don't seem to be there anymore.
They all moved to California. :D A quick search revealed a few Grubbs, Cottons, Burrowses and Bolgers. And one girl named Arwen.

ETA: Found a Baggins and a Proudfoot, too. 8)
"Aargragaah. It mean lit’rally der time when you see dem little pebbles and you jus’ know dere’s gonna be a great big landslide on toppa you and it already too late to run. Dat moment, dat’s aagragaah.”
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Post by Parmamaite »

So the hobbits are from California? And they're barefoot treehuggers and smoking strange weeds.

OMG Hobbits are hippies!! :shock:
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Post by BrianIsSmilingAtYou »

Kentucky Searches

I just picked out a random sample of the names, all had hits.


Boffin
Brandybuck
Barefoot
Took
Gamgee
Sandyfoot
Bracegirdle
Goodbody
Hornblower
Sackville
Maggot
Bolger
Baggins

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Post by Old_Tom_Bombadil »

Frelga wrote:ETA: Found a Baggins and a Proudfoot, too. 8)
Proudfeet!

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Maria wrote:If there were families of those names there, they don't seem to be there anymore.

Shelbyville, KY phone listings:
There's your problem right there. You should have checked Springfield instead. ;)
Last edited by Old_Tom_Bombadil on Wed Nov 08, 2006 8:34 am, edited 1 time in total.
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Frelga
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Post by Frelga »

Proudfeet is plural. I only found one Proudfoot. :P
"Aargragaah. It mean lit’rally der time when you see dem little pebbles and you jus’ know dere’s gonna be a great big landslide on toppa you and it already too late to run. Dat moment, dat’s aagragaah.”
Terry Pratchett, Jingo
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Post by Dân o Nandor on Anduin »

I think the truth lies somewhere in between Davenport and Bratman. The influence of Kentuckian Allen Barnett on Tolkien has been stifled by the Tolkien Estate and Carpenter, so much that in Letters and Biography he doesn't even exist. One has to go to Grotta's overly maligned biography (riddled with "[Material deleted for legal considerations]") to even get a mention.

In it, Grotta notes Tolkien "was especially close to... a young American Rhodes scholar named Allen Barnett. Barnett, an athletically-minded history student from the South, possibly introduced Tolkien to the pleasures of tobacco, for throughout his life Tolkien maintained a particular fondness for Kentucky-cured tobacco."

Grotta then goes on to recount various activities of Barnett, Tolkien, and Oxford friends, who "had no particular name", in the years before WW1 - and the overt mention of alcohol, womanizing, traveling the countryside, and actually printing a rather humourous letter involving ladies undergarments (not included in Letters btw), sent by Tolkien to Barnett, must have set the alarms off at the Tolkien Estate. But to a 20-year old Tolkien, Barnett seems his primary inspiration before the T.C.B.S, and if he claims to have greatly amused Tolkien with Kentucky hobbit-names, and remained as an inconspicuous history-teacher for the rest of his as he did, I'll believe him over Bratman, Carpenter, and the Tolkien Estate, each of which I have issues with.

I regret not seeing Bratman's presentation in Birmingham - in which I heard he made quite a spectacle by ripping-up a paper (Davenport's?) in his opening - but only because I rode the bus with him out of Birmingham to Oxford and found nothing to talk about. Bratman has his opinions, and a published profile, so if he says Kentucky hobbit-names are overblown than so be it. But I wish someone - now that Carpenter has passed - would write a book about Tolkien's Oxford years, fully including the influence of Barnett!
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Post by BrianIsSmilingAtYou »

dna wrote:
Grotta then goes on to recount various activities of Barnett, Tolkien, and Oxford friends... actually printing a rather humourous letter involving ladies undergarments (not included in Letters btw), sent by Tolkien to Barnett, must have set the alarms off at the Tolkien Estate.
I have a copy of the text of that letter. I'll have to look for it and put it up here.

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Post by Old_Tom_Bombadil »

Frelga wrote:Proudfeet is plural. I only found one Proudfoot. :P
Yeah, I know. I just love that "Proudfeet!" line. :D
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Post by Voronwë the Faithful »

dna, thanks for the info. I've not read Grotta's book. Perhaps I should.
"Spirits in the shape of hawks and eagles flew ever to and from his halls; and their eyes could see to the depths of the seas, and pierce the hidden caverns beneath the world."
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Post by Parmamaite »

Sandyfoot and Barefoot aren't hobbit-names so it don't amount to much that you can find them in Kentucky ;)

I looked in the online census for England and Wales for 1901, and tried all the hobbit-names of the Shire I could think of:

Baggins: 11
Banks: 300+
Boffin: 232
Bolger: 300+
Bracegirdle: 300+
Brandybuck: none found
Brockhouse: 141
Brown: 300+
Brownlock: none found
Bunce: 300+
Burrows: 300+
Chubb: 300+
Clayhanger: none found
Cotton: 300+
Diggle: 300+
Fairbairn: 300+
Gamgee: 44
Gammidge: 48
Gamwich: none found
Gardner: 300+
Goldworthy: 126
Goodbody: 300+
Goodchild: 300+
Goodenough: 300+
Goold: 300+
Greenhand: 9
Grubb: 300+
Headstrong: none found
Hornblower: 169
Lightfoot: 300+
Maggot: 5
Proudfoot: 300+
Roper: 300+
Sackville: 42
Sandyman: 4
Took: 300+
Whitfoot: 3

Doesn't look to me like Tolkien had to look across the pond to get inspiration for his names.

It would be interesting to compare with a search in Kentucky, but I couldn't find an on-line ressource for that. - Unless you sign up for membership.
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Post by MithLuin »

Online (current) Lexington, KY phonebook (white pages) turns up:

No Baggins, Boffin, Took, Brandybuck, Bolger, Bracegirdle, Gamgee, Hornblower, Sackville, Whitfoot, Sandyman, Brockhouse, Fairbairn, Maggot, Headstrong, Goldworthy, Goodchild, Clayhanger, Diggle, Gammadge, Gamwich, Goodbody, Heathertoes, Greenhand

25 Cottons, 2 Proudfoots (Proudfeet!), 3 Underhills, 112 Banks, 7 Ropers, 4 Lightfoots (is that a hobbit name?), 1 Chubb, 13 Burrows, 19 Grubbs, 71 Gardners, 1 Bunce, 1 Goodenough, and 1 Goold

Of course, we know the source of "Gamgee" and "Cotton" already. In the notes on the names (found in A Tolkien Compass), he makes it clear that most of the rest of the names were chosen to reflect the hobbits living underground or having big bellies. I mean....they may be real names, but he used them for their meaning.

I do not doubt the man's story - JRRT may very well have been very interested in names in KY. My guess is he was interested in names everywhere ;). But that doesn't mean these stories were a source of the hobbit names (which are much more common in England, anyway). I would see the tobacco as a more likely connection. I am not up on my herblore, but is tobacco even grown in England? I thought it was more a southern crop....so more appropriate to KY than the Shire.

If we had a more detailed version of the story, we could find out which names this professor dropped - and then compare to a list of hobbit-names. But it's too late for that now!
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Post by MithLuin »

I put the same names in for Lancaster, PA (just randomly) to see if I would get a different spread....

No Baggins, Boffin, Brandybuck, Took, Gamgee, Greenhand, Sackville, Whitfoot, Sandyman, Brockhouse, Headstrong, Maggot, Goldworthy, Clayhangar, Diggle or Heathertoes

1 Bolger, 1 Bracegirdle, 1 Hornblower, 3 Fairbairn, 7 Goodchilds (Goodchildren?), 1 Goodbody, 5 Cottons, 2 Proudfoots (Proudfeet!), 11 Underhills, 20 Banks, 5 Ropers, 6 Lightfoots, 12 Chubbs, 25 Grubbs, 4 Burrows, 78 Gardners, 2 Bunces, 4 Goodenoughs, 1 Goold.


It looks as though present-day Lexington, KY has no more "hobbit-y" names than current Lancaster, PA. I don't know how similar their populations are, of course.... but KY is not a likely (or rather, not a unique) source.
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Post by Parmamaite »

I don't know about England, but tobacco was grown in Denmark in the 18th Century :shock:

It was taken up again during the war. The homegrown tobacco was renowned for being terrible, after the liberation the stock was burned as it was unsellable.

A conversation recorded by a contemporary danish humorist:
- I'm trying to quit smoking
- Then have one of my cigars, they're easy to quit

[/digression]

Edited to add: (crossposted with Mith) Thanks for spending time on this Mith, I see that there's actually more of the hobbit-names found in Lancaster than in Lexington.
Last edited by Parmamaite on Thu Nov 09, 2006 9:43 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Post by axordil »

Since I actually do have access, I will run some name searches on the 1900 and 1910 US Census for KY as soon as I can...hey wait, I can do that from work! :D

Names that seem common in that time range germaine to the discussion: Grubbs, Cotton, Burrows, Roper, Goodbody, Bolger.

Names the seem rare: Boffin, Bracegirdle, Proudfoot (this name seems more common now in KY than in 1900), Baggins.

As an aside, the predominant ancestry of East-Central KY is Anglo-Scot-Irish. It would not be surprising if names common in England were common on the western fringe of Appalachia...it would be surprising if they weren't.

What I find most likely is the KY/hobbit/pipeweed connection...to wit:

JRRT discovers that areas in KY have a lot of very English surnames.
JRRT discovers that same areas grow a lot of tobacco.
Ecce! Hobbits with very English surnames and pipeweed.
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Post by truehobbit »

I would see the tobacco as a more likely connection. I am not up on my herblore, but is tobacco even grown in England?
I don't know about England, but you can certainly grow it in this climate here. People in former times (right up into the 20th century, that is) used to grow their own. It's just probably not as good as stuff from regions with a climate more favourable to tobacco.
but being a cheerful hobbit he had not needed hope, as long as despair could be postponed.
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Post by MithLuin »

Yeah, that sounds reasonable. But of course, hobbits just smoke pipes because he enjoyed smoking pipes ;).

As for American sources of names...

We had a Senator Bilbo (last name) and a Brandywine River. Whether or not he was aware of this, I do not know, but I would like to find connections, if possible.
Bilbo, a Democrat, twice served as Governor of Mississippi (1916–1920, 1928–1932) and later became a U.S. Senator (1935–1947). Bilbo, a fiery defender of segregation, was noted for his short stature (5'2" or 157 cm) and was nicknamed "The Man." Wikipedia
I do not mean to suggest that this man inspired the character of Bilbo in any way - he was not a nice person, from what I understand. But if (for whatever reason) his name was in the news, and Tolkien heard it....might he not have just borrowed it? I'm not sure why his name would have appeared in British newspapers, but it might have.

The Brandywine River in Delaware was the site of a Revolutionary War battle. Again, I don't know if British schools study the American Revolution in any detail, but it could have come up.
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